Read values in C Language- scanf() function in C Language

scanf() function() is used to read different types of values in C.

Syntax: scanf(“Control-string”, &arg1,&arg2,&arg3,……);

Control-string is the format to enter data. It has % sign followed by format specifier indicating the type of variable whose value is to be input .

&arg1,&arg2,&arg3,… refer to variables whose values is to be entered by user.

1. Input int data

Format Specifier: %wd 

% is the conversion character.
w is an integer value which specifies the width of numeric value to be read.
d is the data type specifier which specifies that an int type variable is to be read.    

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n1;
printf("Enter int value=");
scanf("%d",&n1);
printf("\n Value=%d",n1);
return(0);
}

Enter int value=20
Value=20 

2. Input short data
Format Specifier: %whd          

% is the conversion character.
w is an integer value which specifies the width of numeric value to be read.
hdis the data type specifier which specifies that a short type variable is to be read.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
short m;
printf("Enter short value=");
scanf("%hd",&m);
printf("\nValue=%hd",m);
return(0);
}

Enter short value=25
Value=25

3. Input long data

Format Specifier: %wld            

% is the conversion character.
w is an integer value which specifies the width of numeric value to be read.
ld is the data type specifier which specifies that a short type variable is to be read. 

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
long k;
printf("Enter long value=");
scanf("%ld",&k);
printf("\nValue=%ld",k);
return(0);
}

Enter a long value=1560
Value=1560

4. Input float data

Format Specifier: %f          

% is the conversion character
f is the data type specifier which specifies that a float type variable is to be read. There is no need to specify any field width.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float no;
printf("Enter float value =");
scanf("%f",&no);
printf("\nValue=%f",no);
return(0);
}

Enter float value=2.55
Value=2.55 

5. Input double/long double type data

Format Specifier: %lf

% is the conversion character
lf is the data type specifier which specifies that a double or long double type variable is to be read. There is no need to specify any field width.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
long double n1;
printf("Enter long double value=");
scanf("%lf",&n1);
printf("Value=%lf",n1);
return(0);
}

Enter long double value=2.55 
Value=2.55 

6. Input char data

Format Specifier: %c           

% is the conversion character
c is the data type specifier which specifies that a char type variable is to be read.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char choice;
printf("\nEnter your choice(Y/N)");
scanf("%c",&choice);
printf("\nchoice=%c",choice);
return(0);
}

Enter your choice(Y/N)Y
choice=Y

7. Input string data

Format Specifier: %ws             

% is the conversion character
w is an integer value which specifies the number of characters which can be stored in string variable.
s is the data type specifier which specifies that a string type variable is to be read. we don’t need to use ampersand sign(&) before the string variable that we want to read   

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char sname[20]; 
printf("\nEnter name=");
scanf("%s",sname);
printf("\nsname=%s",sname);
return(0);
}

Enter name=Aman
sname=Aman