1. Increment Operator (++)
Increment operator is represented as ++. This operator is used to add one to the existing value of a variable.
The variable can be of any data type including integer, real as well as character data type. It can be used in two ways:-
Prefix Form
In this form, the increment operator is placed before the operand.
Example: ++a.
It first adds one to the existing value of variable then takes the incremented value of variable for further use in the program.
Postfix Form
In this form, the increment operator is placed after the operand.
Example: a++.
It first takes the existing value of variable and then adds one to the existing value of variable in the next statement for further use in the program.
2. Decrement Operator (–)
Decrement operator is represented as –. This operator is used to subtract one from the existing value of a variable.
The variable can be of any data type including integer, real as well as character data type. It is can be used in two ways:-
Prefix Form
In this form, the increment operator is placed before the operand.
Example: –a
It first subtracts one from the existing value of variable then takes the decremented value of variable for further use in the program.
Postfix Form
In this form, the decrement operator is placed after the operand.
Example: a–
It first takes the existing value of variable and then subtracts one from the existing value of variable in the next statement for further use in the program.
Example 1
| Program to demonstrate increment / decrement operator. | Output (Line Wise) |
| #include<stdio.h> int main() { int a=10; |
|
| printf(“\na=%d”,++a); | a=11 |
| printf(“\na=%d”,a++); | a=11 |
| printf(“\na=%d”,a); | a=12 |
| printf(“\na=%d”,a–); | a=12 |
| printf(“\na=%d”,–a); | a=10 |
| return (0); } |
Example 2
| Program to demonstrate increment/decrement operator | Output (Line Wise) |
| #include<stdio.h> int main() { int a=10; | |
| /*Line 5*/ printf(“\n%d,%d”,++a,a++); | 12,10 |
| printf(“\n%d,%d”,a–,a–); | 11,12 |
| printf(“\n%d”,a); | 10 |
| return (0); } |
Description of above code
In Line 5, a++ is evaluated first followed by ++a. Because if more than one argument appears in printf() function, arguments are evaluated from right towards left.
Write output of following
1.
main()
{
int a=20;
printf(“%d”,a++);
printf(“%d”,++a);
}
2.
main()
{
int a=20;
printf(“%d”,a++ + ++a);
}
3.
main()
{
int a=10;
printf(“%d”,(a+=5));
printf(“%d”,a–);
printf(“%d”,a);
}
4.
main()
{
int a=4,b;
b=a++ + ++a;
printf(“%d,%d,%d,%d”,b,a++,a,++a);
}
5.
main()
{
int z,x=2,y=-6,a=1,b=2;
z=x++ – –y*b/a;
printf(“%d”,z);
}