Read input in C++ | cin statement in C++ | get() function in C++ | getline() function in C++

Read input in C++ | cin statement in C++ | get() function in C++ | getline() function in C++

There are different statements and functions to Display output in C++. They are as follows:

  • cin
  • get()
  • getline()

1. cin statement in C++

We can use  cin statement in C++ to read input from keyboard.  It can be used to read value of any primary data type. like int, float, char etc.
cin is followed by >>(extraction operator ) further followed by the variable whose value we want to read.
We need to include header file <iostream> and import namespace std in our program to use cout.
Syntax:

cin>>var;

Here, var refers to the variable whose value should be entered from keyboard.

//Program to demonstrate the use of cin statement in C++. 
#include<iostream> 
using namespace std;
int main()
{
 int n;
 cout<<"Enter an integer value=";
 cin>>n;
 cout<<"\nn="<<n;
 return 0;
}

Output

Enter an integer value=200
n=200

2. get() function in C++

We can use get() function in C++ with cin statement to read value of a character/string variable from keyboard. We can use it with input file stream object to read characters from a file.

We need to include header file <iostream> and import namespace std in our program to use cout.

Syntax:

 cin.get(var,Limit,Termination);

Here, var is the character/string variable whose value we want to read .

Limit is the maximum number of characters which can be stored in the string variable.

Termination specifies the character that can be used to stop reading.

Example1:

char v;
cin.get(v);

In the above Example:,  cin.get() statement will only read one character at a time and will store it in character variable v.

Example2:

char n[2];
cin.get(n,30);

In the above Example:,  cin.get() statement reads string variable n and stores maximum 29 characters in it.

Example:3:

char n[30];
cin.get(n,30,’$’);

In the above example cin.get() statement reads value of string variable n with maximum limit of 29 characters.  Reading terminates on entering $ sign from keyboard. because $ sign is the termination character.  It will read complete 29 characters if we don’t type terminating character $ while reading,.

 //Program to demonstrate the use of get() function to read a character and a string variable.

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std;
int main()
{
 char ch;
 char str[30];
 cout<<"\nEnter any character=";
 cin.get(ch);
 cout<<"\nEnter any string=";
 cin.get(str,30);
 cout<<"\ncharacter="<<ch;
 cout<<"\nString="<<str;
 return 0;
}

Output

Enter any character=A
Enter any string=Pathankot
character=A;
String=Pathankot

3. getline()  function in C++

We can use getline() function in C++ with cin statement to read value of a character/string variable from keyboard. We can use it with input file stream object to read characters from a file. It also reads blank space which is not possible using simple cin statement.

We need to include header file <iostream> and import namespace std in our program to use cout.

Syntax:

 cin.getline(var,Limit,Termination);

Here, var is the character/string variable whose value we want to read .

Limit is the maximum number of characters which can be stored in the string variable.

Termination specifies the character that can be used to stop reading.

Example1:

char v;
cin.getline(v);

In the above Example:,  cin.get() statement will only read one character at a time and will store it in character variable v.

Example2:

char n[2];
cin.getline(n,30);

In the above Example:,  cin.get() statement reads string variable n and stores maximum 29 characters in it.

Example:3:

char n[30];
cin.getline(n,30,’$’);

In the above example cin.get() statement reads value of string variable n with maximum limit of 29 characters.  Reading terminates on entering $ sign from keyboard. because $ sign is the termination character.  It will read complete 29 characters if we don’t type terminating character $ while reading,.

 //Program to demonstrate the use of getline() function to read a character and a string variable.

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std;
int main()
{
 char ch;
 char str[30];
 cout<<"\nEnter any character=";
 cin.getline(ch);
 cout<<"\nEnter any string=";
 cin.getline(str,30);
 cout<<"\ncharacter="<<ch;
 cout<<"\nString="<<str;
 return 0;
}

Output

Enter any character=K
Enter any string=Ptk
character=K
String=Ptk
 
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Lesson tags: C++ Basic Input/Output, cin statement in C++, get() function in C++, getline()  function in C++, Read input in C++
Back to: C++ Programming Notes
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